~던

Some past tense goodness for ya’ll. I never use this but I really want to start using it. I think that’s what I like so much about Korean; there a million ways to say what you want to say so sometimes it’s okay to not know a few things haha.

add ~던 to the past tense conjugation of a verb to describe a noun. Although you can just add ~던 to the verb without adding the past tense conjugation. The past tense conjugation just emphasizes that it’s in the past tense.  It’s different from (으)ㄴ, because it implies that you “used to” verb, not that you did the verb…if that makes any sense lol.

ex) 간 = you went to

가던/갔던 = you used to go to

예전에 제가 자주 가던 곳이에요 = I used to go to that place frequently in the past.

예뻤던 여자가 지금은 … = The woman who was once pretty is now…

지난 주에 이야기하던 거예요 = This is what we were talking about last week.

 

**EXAMPLES FROM TTMIK**

덜 – less/not completely yet

I feel like this is one of those words that commonly gets forgotten a lot. I know I did haha. I also think this word is a word that isn’t too necessary to learn; because there are many ways you can convey its meaning in a sentence.

그들은 아직도 안 왔어요 = They still haven’t come yet.

그들은 덜 왔어요 = They haven’t come yet.

Essentially the same sentence.

너무 많이 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat too much.

덜 먹었어요 = I ate less.

Slight difference but the same message is conveyed ~

 

happy studying ~~!

(으)나마나 “No matter whether…”/ 게 되어 있다 “To be bound in a certain state”

(으)나마나

This verb ending is use to show that no matter what a person does or chooses, the outcome is fixed and will turn out a certain way.

ex) 보나마나, 이상할거예요. = Whether you see it or not, I’m sure it’ll be strange/You don’t even have to see it. It will be strange.

Sometimes, (으)나마나 can be followed by 이다.

보나마나예요 = You don’t even have to look at it. I know what you’ll see.

Sample Sentences:

물어보나마나 안 된다고 할거예요. = Whether you ask them or not, they will say no.

하나마나 똑같아요. = Whether you do it or not, the result is the same.

이 책은 읽으나마나예요. = This book is worthless to read.

게 되어 있다

This verb ending is to show something a person is bound to do regardless of their current state.

ex) 알다 = to know

알게 되다 = to get to know

알게되어 있다 = to be in a situation where you are bound to know.

Sample Sentences:

공부는 정말 필요하면 열심히 하게 되어 있어요.

As for studying, it’s not really necessary but you’ll end up doing it anyways.

아무리 게을러도, 손님이 오면 청소를 하게 되어 있어요.

No matter how lazy you are, you’ll end up cleaning your house when guests come over.

영원한 비밀은 없어요. 사람들이 알게 되어 있어요.

There is no eternal secret. People will find out eventually.

**EXAMPLES FROM TTMIK**

아/어/여 버리다 (super short)

This is to show the end of an action and imply the speakers feelings after. I think this expression is better used in spoken Korean. Intonations while speaking would help determine the tone and reactions a bit easier.

Examples of implied happiness:

다 끝내 버렸어요! = I finished it all! (and I’m so happy about that!)

고민하다가, 사 버렸어요! = I was hesitating, but I finally bought it! (and I’m happy I did.)

Examples of implied sadness:

벌써 다 말해 버렸어요. = I’ve already told them everything. (it’s done, it’s over.)

컴퓨터가 멈춰 버렸어요. = The computer has stopped. (it’s really inconvenient.)

**examples from TTMIK**

하다 vs. 되다

나는 일했어 – I worked.

나는 일을 했어 – I did work, I worked.

both pretty much the same and either work fine in conversation

to make a verb passive, you add 되다.

이해하다 – to understand

이해되다 – to be understood

제공하다 – to provide

제공되다 – to be provided

more examples of the sentence differences:

이 값은 세금을 포함해요 – this price includes tax

세금은 포함돼요 – the tax is included

*되었다 and 됐다 are the same! they are both the past tense version of this verb*

저는 문을 열어요 – i open the door.

문이 열렸어요 – the door was opened.

회사는 기계를 대체했어 – the company replaced the machine.

기계는 대체되었어요 – the machine was replaced.

그것은 이해되었어요 – it was understood.

그것은 학생들에게 이해되었어요 – it was understood by the students.

**EXAMPLES FROM HTSK**

I asked him…/he asked me…

-냐고

Verb stem + 냐고 + question related word

학생이에요? = Are you a student?
학생 + 이 (verb stem) + 냐고
학생이냐고 물어봤어요 = They asked me if I was a student.
I asked her if she was a student.

저한테 어디 가냐고 말했어요.
He asked me where I was going.

몇 시에 올 거냐고 물어보세요
Ask him what time he will come here.

저도 가야 되냐고 물어봐 주세요
Please ask them if I have to come along too.

기 때문에

Because/Therefore

저는 배고파서 밥을 먹고싶어요 = I’m hungry, therefore, I want to eat

Or

저는 배고프기 때문에 밥을 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat because I am hungry.
저는 행복하기 때문에 죽고 싶지 않아요 = I dont want to die because I am happy.
지금 공부를 하고 있기 때문에 너랑 통화하고 싶지 않아 = I don’t want to talk with you on the phone because I’m studying now.
내가 남자이기 때문에 그런 영화를 좋아해 = I like those kinds of movies because I am a man.

Past Tense: 했기 때문에

내가 밥을 벌써 먹었기 때문에 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I already ate, I don’t want to eat now.

Future Tense: -ㄹ 것이기 때문에

내가 나중에 먹을 것이기 때문에 지금 먹고 싶지 않아 = Because I am going to eat later, I dont want to eat.

같이 보이다

보이다 

1) Passive form of 보다.
2) Used when something can or cannot be seen.

TV가 안 보여 =  I can’t see the TV
여기서 산이 안 보여 = I can’t see the mountains from here

 

Noun + 같이 보이다

-To look like…

나는 원승이 같이 보여 = you look like a monkey

There are no particles on the words before 같이.
Even nouns being described can be used.

그거 공연에 가고 싶지 않을 것 같이 보여 = he looks like he doesnt want to go to the performance.
경기를 이긴 것 같이 보여 = you look like you won the game

 

**examples from HTSK**

(으)ㄹ 만하다

To be doable/possible/bearable

가다
갈 만하다 = to be possible to go
to be worth going (and checkig out the place)
먹다
먹을 만하다 = to be edible
to taste okay (the taste is bearable)
늦다
늦을 만하다 = to be forgivable for being late
there is enough reason for being late
놀라다
놀랄 만하다 = to be natural to be suprised/shocked
there is enough reason for being surprised/shocked

그럴 만해요.
It’s possible. It’s understandable to be so.
그 사람은 인기가 있을 만해요.
It’s understandable why he is popular.
이 책 읽을 만해요?
Is this book worth reading?

더라

When you are telling someone else a new fact you learned by experiencing something yourself

예쁘더라 = She’s pretty, I saw her.
촙더라 = I went and it was so cold.

Difference between 더라 and 더라고

더라고 is less excited.
나는 그거 좋더라 = I checked it out and I like it!
나는 그거 좋더라고 = I checked it out and I like it. (Less excited)

With 존댓말 = use ending 던데요

예쁘던데요
빠르던데요

그영화 어제 봤는데 재미있더라!
I saw that movie yesterday and it was fun!
싱가풀에 처음 가 봤는데 정말 덥더라!
I went to Singapore for the first time and it’s really hot there.

 

**examples from TTMIK**